reason vs. passion Essay Example

reason vs. passion Essay In his plays The Bacchae and Medea, Greek playwright Euripides expresses his views quite clearly on the relationship between reason and passion in human life.Euripides believes that there is a constant struggle between the two elements, and people must be able to find the proper balance in order to exist peacefully, something his characters were unable to do.He expresses, via his characters, his belief that passion dominates this struggle in most cases, and when this occurs, proper logic is skewed.The lead role in each of these plays failed to find the proper balance of passion and reason, and in failure found death. The title role in Euripides play Medea is a proud, powerful, self-driven woman who strives to avenge an act committed by her husband, Jason.As the play opens, the audience learns that Jason has recently left Medea for another woman.This crushes Medea, as she has sacrificed much for Jason, and truly believes that they are lovers meant to be together for life.She enters a long period of mourning, and becomes inconsolable by even her closest of friends.Eventually her sadness turns to anger, and she begins seeking revenge for the wrong she has been done.Medea immediately begins plotting against Jason, and devises a plan, which she believes, will hurt him in the worst possible way.She decides to kill everyone close to him, including the children they have together, and destroy any legacy that may survive him.She carefully draws out every detail of the plan, ensuring its completion.Medea is successful in this aspect, as she is able to carry out everything she plans on.However, she does not plan on the struggle that would accompany these acts.Medea is forced to battle not only those around her, who beg her not to take the lives of her children, but she must fight her conscience as well.In the end, Medea kills her own children. This act is an example of passion overtaking

Chemistry Lab essays

Chemistry Lab essays When comparing the results of the flame tests for solid sodium nitrate, solid sodium chloride and the sodium chloride solution, they all gave off the same colour. These results indicate that it does not matter which state the compound is in; it will still have the same properties. It also indicates that the wavelength was the same for sodium chloride and the sodium nitrate. Which means that it is the metal (sodium) that is responsible the new colour, not the non-metal (nitrate or chloride). Potassium chloride and sodium chloride gave off similar colours orange. They were hard to tell apart by viewing them with the naked eye, but because they are different metals it is known that the shade in colour (orange) would be slightly different. It looked as though sodium chloride gave off a slightly lighter orange almost yellow. In this experiment cobalt glass was not used. All of the compounds were chlorides except for one because the non-metal is not responsible for the colour change. Only one example of the difference between chloride and nitrate was needed, which proved that it is the metal that is creating the colour. If all of the other compounds containing chloride were tested again when containing nitrate, they would all give off the same colour as they did before. Two sodium compounds were used because the sodium chloride was more difficult to pick up with the Nichrome Wire than the sodium nitrate was. Since the colour of the flame depends on the metal, then whatever non-metal that makes the experiment the easiest should be used. In this case nitrate made it easier, so it was used. Furthermore, two sodium compounds were used to prove the point that it is the sodium creating the colour, not the non-metal (chloride or nitrate). ...

Evo Devo in the Study of Biology

Evo Devo in the Study of Biology Have you heard anyone ever talk about evo-devo? Does it sound like some sort of synthesizer-heavy band from the 1980s? It is actually a relatively new field in the realm of evolutionary biology that explains how species, that start out so similarly, become so diverse as they develop. Evo devo stands for evolutionary developmental biology and has just started being included in the Modern Synthesis of the Theory of Evolution within the past few decades. This field of study encompasses many different ideas and some scientists disagree on what all should be included. However, all who study evo devo agree that the foundation of the field is based on the gene level of inheritance which leads to microevolution. As an embryo develops, certain genes need to be activated in order for the traits carried on that gene to be expressed. Most of the time, there are biological clues for these genes to turn on based on the age of the embryo. Sometimes, environmental conditions can trigger the expression of the developmental genes as well. Not only do these triggers turn on the gene, they also direct the gene on how to be expressed. There are subtle differences between the arms of different animals that are determined by how the genes that carry the trait for limb development are expressed. The same gene that creates a human arm can also create a sparrows wing or a grasshoppers leg. They are not different genes, as previously thought by scientists. Evo Devo and the Theory of Evolution What does this mean for the Theory of Evolution? First and foremost, it lends credibility to the idea that all life on Earth came from a common ancestor. This common ancestor had the exact same genes we see today in all of our modern species. It is not the genes that have evolved over time. Instead, it is how and when (and if) those genes are expressed that has evolved. Also, it helps to give an explanation for how the beak shape of Darwins finches on the Galapagos Islands could have evolved. Natural Selection is the mechanism that chooses which of these ancient genes are expressed and ultimately how they are expressed. Over time, the differences in gene expression led to the great diversity and large numbers of different species we see in the world today. The theory of evo devo also explains why so few genes can create so many complex organisms. It turns out that the same genes are used over and over again but in different ways. The genes that are expressed to create arms in humans may also be used to create legs or even a human heart. Therefore, it is more important how the genes are expressed than how many genes are present. Developmental genes across species are the same and can be expressed in a nearly unlimited number of ways. Embryos of many different species are nearly indistinguishable from each other at the early stages before these developmental genes are turned on. Early embryos of all species have gills or gill pouches and similar overall shapes. It is crucial for these developmental genes to be activated correctly at the right time and at the right place. Scientists have been able to manipulate genes in fruit flies and other species to make limbs and other body parts grow in different places on the body. This proved these genes control many different parts of embryo development. The field of evo devo reaffirms the validity of using animals for medical research. An argument against animal research is the obvious difference in complexity and structure between humans and the research animals. However, with such similarities on a molecular and gene level, studying those animals can give insight into the human, and particularly the development and gene activation of humans.

Chernobyl Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chernobyl Disaster - Essay Example Chernobyl disaster happened due to overheating of the core, which resulted in the core meltdown. The meltdown of the core exposed the radioactive matter to the outer environment and it was also carried far away by wind. People were forced to leave the city as quickly as they could. At first, people were not informed by the accident but after some time, the news of the disaster spread widely. The radioactive materials from the reactors were found hazardous to the people and other living beings of the place. The persons who were quite near the power plant or working inside the power plant faced the high exposure of radioactive materials. Only two workers had lost their lives, when accident happened but the accident caused severe damages to the people nearby the place of accident and a large number of people had suffered from cancer and died after the accident (World Nuclear Association 2011). The radioactive ash from the reactor had two parts. One part of the ash contained very small particles which were carried away by the wind. The other part of the ash contained a bit thick particles and could remain hazardous for many hundreds of years. The disaster had endangered more lives as compared to any other such incident. Belarus, the place nearest to Chernobyl, had been affected more than any other region from the radiations, spread as the result of Chernobyl disaster (World Nuclear Association 2011). ... The reactor no four was made with high precision and a lot of instrumentation was utilized to precisely measure different functionalities. A nuclear power plant is incomplete without the implementation of a cooling system. The cooling system is employed to draw the decay heat away from the reactor core. Water is utilized mostly as a coolant in the nuclear reactors. On 26th, April 1986, the water pumps, which were used to maintain the temperature of the core, were stopped for some time to verify that the backup power system to power the water pumps is working properly. In this little while the temperature of the core was raised but the backup power system did not worked. Then it was tried to normally start the cooling pumps but in vain. The temperature of the core exceeded to an uncontrollable level which blew the thick steel roof of the core with a massive amount of heat and unused radioactive material. Chernobyl power complex had lacked one of the most important safety features that are employed in modern nuclear reactors. Containment cooling method, that is considered when there is an uncontrollable situation at the nuclear reactor, prevents the radiations from spreading in the atmosphere. At the Chernobyl, there must be a containment cooling system which could reduce the spreading of the radiation material. The authorities like government should emphasize more on safety features rapture than generating high profits. The Chernobyl nuclear reactors had lacked other safety measures, active and passive cooling techniques must be there to meet the uncontrollable situations. There were construction errors, like the pillars that were to be placed horizontally were not present there at the reactor building

International Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

International Law - Research Paper Example n written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation" (Article 2 [I] a) the convection also recognizes that any state has the power to conclude treaties. With the globalization of various operations and increased international activities and concerns, the treaties are have become indispensable and more useful than ever. Basically, states’ motivation is founded on the idea that the treaties create an international framework of laws and rules upon which the international actors, particularly the states and related agencies, may operate with efficiency and orderliness. Treaties are equivalence of international or multinational contract, in which the concerned international subjects get to merge their wills for common good. Since a treaty will be regulating a subject of interest or significance to a member state, or because they regulate a subject that affects the state interest, a member state will often have an interest in ensuring that the treaty in question is enforced. Moreover, treaties serve the role of creating international mechanisms and institutions that enforce or help enforcing the interactional law. The enforcement quality of international law has often been cited as a major weakness of international law. Through treaties, the contracting states come together to agree on how their obligations and rights, as well as those of their citizens and agencies may be enforced. A good example to this effect are The Rome Statute and the Statute of ICJ, which have facilitated creation of international judicial institutions (courts and tribunals) through which various recognized international players may enforce their rights and obligations under the international law. Apart from creating legal rights and obligations for the states that are bound by the treaties, the treaties also create a moral obligation on the states to fulfill

Chinese Immigration to Canada Essay Example for Free

Chinese Immigration to Canada Essay Canadian culture and the way Canadians live their lives is signi? cantly different from the Chinese. Chinese who are â€Å"fresh off the boat† often struggle with language barriers, cultural gaps and the new environments they are introduced to because they arrived in a strange country with no experience. In spite of the dif? culties many Chinese encounter, they are willing to acquire new knowledge about Canada. Many families who immigrate to Canada lose everything. They encounter ? nancial, employment, and language issues. Although interacting in a new language can be extremely stressful for immigrants and be detrimental to their self-esteem, learning English is inevitable for Chinese immigrants. Chinese immigrants would blend into Canadian society easier if they had previous knowledge of cultural and social differences or a greater language pro? ciency that would allow them to adapt more effectively in their new society as well as interact more comfortably. ! Immigrant children are usually shy when in a class with other Canadians. Most of the time, when Chinese students come to Canada, they usually associate with their friends who speak Chinese and they avoid interacting with other students who speak English. However, when students make friends, they are introduced to a new language and new social behaviours. These new friendships are bene? cial to both the native Canadian as well as the immigrant student because they learn from each other. This learning fosters tolerance instead of breeding ignorance and racism. It is crucial for immigrant students to meet native Canadians because that is the most convenient means of introducing them to their new society. ! Families that have no relatives or friends in Canada immediately experience signi? cant ? nancial and employment problems. These complications prevent new immigrants from feeling safe in their new country, and many seek comfort in church groups. These church groups help new immigrants to adjust to the Canadian lifestyle, and they also provide important resources for the new immigrant to explore in order to adjust to their new community with few problems. Yet, in the recent years, many wealthy Chinese have immigrated to Canada, so factors like ? nancial and employment problems do not apply to them. Many of these wealthy Chinese immigrants operate businesses in China from Canada; therefore, the need to ? nd employment is not problematic. ! Many Chinese immigrants come to Canada because of the numerous opportunities Canada provides. The student life within school and outside of school provides more freedom and the ability to think independently. In China, high school students are loaded with homework and spend most of their free time doing homework and going to tutors. The Canadian scenery provides opportunities of living in a new country with beautiful landscapes and wonders. Families are ? nally able to relax in a non-overpopulated country and enjoy the nice weather. Background History Before The first Chinese immigrants to settle in Canada were 50 artisans who accompanied Captain John Meares in 1788 to help build a trading post on the West Coast of Canada. In 1858, Chinese immigrants began arriving from San Francisco as gold prospectors in the Fraser River Valley, and Barkerville, BC, became the first Chinese community in Canada. By the 1860s, the Chinese population of Vancouver Island and BC was estimated to be around 7000. Many of the first Chinese migrants were young peasants from South China. They laboured under appalling conditions to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. Between 1880 and 1885, 15 000 Chinese labourers completed the BC section of the CPR, but more than 600 workers died during the construction stage. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were more than 17000 settlers in Canada. From 1988 to 1993, more than 167 000 Hong Kong immigrants settled in Canada, By 2001, 82% of people of Chinese origin lived in one of these two provinces. By the start of the 21st century, the 2006 census showed that there were 1 346 510 people of Chinese ancestry living in Canada. The Chinese are the third largest ethnic group in Canada, after the English and French. The major periods of Chinese immigration (from 1858 to 1923 and since 1947) shows changes in the Canadian Government Immigration Policy. From 1885, Chinese immigrants were obligated to pay a $50 â€Å"entry fee† or head tax† before being admitted into Canada. The Chinese were the only ethnic group to pay a tax to enter Canada. By the 1900s, in response to agitation in BC, the Liberal government restricted Chinese immigration by raising the head tax to $100 per person. After the 1903 session of Parliament passed legislation raising the head tax to $500, the number of Chinese who paid the head tax dropped from 4719 to 8 people. Current Situation Chinese immigrants in the 21st century come to Canada for a better education, freedom and hopes to start a new life. The education system in China does not incorporate both physical activity and studying. However, some immigrants only come to Canada to leech money from the government by buying land. Statistics 72% born outside of Canada 45% born in Peoples Republic of China 30% born in Hong Kong 10% born in Taiwan 85% can either speak French or English Why did the Chinese decide to immigrate to Canada? ! The year 1858 marked the start of the Chinese immigration to Canada. None of the colonies at that time had immigration restrictions. The ? rst wave of Chinese immigrants to arrive in Canada were in? uenced by various push and pull factors. The push factors were ? oods, and wars in China which made it dif? cult for people to grow crops for food, live in safety and peace, and make a living. Pull factors for Canada were related to the slow growth of the young country. New settlements and industries often had a shortage of workers. British Columbia was very distant from Europe and eastern North America which meant that China was the largest source of low-cost labour. Other factors such as efforts of labour recruiters and in? uence of family and village networks also in? uenced the decision to migrate to Canada. ! Most Chinese immigrants in the last quarter of the 19th century came from a small area in the southern part of China. There were eight regions but only four regions had rich soil. Only ten percent of the land was usable for growing crops. All the districts were heavily populated and farmers often faced natural disasters such as ? oods and droughts. At the end of the 19th century, China was in a political disaster. Poor living conditions led to revolts and wars, including the Opium Wars against the British. Farmers were dragged into armies, crops were ruined and bandit gangs raided villages during these unstable years. The Chinese government could not maintain law and order in the region. ! Gold was discovered along the Fraser River in British Columbia during 1858. Thousands of workers, including the Chinese, who worked in the California Gold Rush, immediately came to Canada. Therefore, there was a tremendous need of workers in British Columbia to build roads, clear land and construct railways. They also worked in coal mines, ? sh canneries and on farms.

Man For All Seasons :: essays research papers

Sir Thomas More: Is he the morally and legally person that we think he is?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sir Thomas More has been in the news a great deal recently. I’m sure that most of you know that he had been convicted and put to death for treason. Many people probably don’t know his conviction was based on the tainted testimony of Richard Rich, who wanted to be as successful as Thomas. I’m certain Thomas would never have done anything of this nature. All of the problems just kept on escalating, resulting in the death of Thomas. Thomas had to struggle with these problems. His main struggle was remaining loyal to his king and his Holy Church. King Henry VIII was seeking approval from Thomas in obtaining a divorce from his wife Catherine because she was not able to produce any heirs to the throne. The King was looking for his approval because Thomas was respected by society. The King already had other peoples’ approval . The two men were in conflict because they had a fundamental difference in outlook on what constituted the right balance between the spiritual and the practical. The two were Catholics. Thomas was a representative of the older spirituality, wherein the Church was as a sacred institution and an instrument of God’s will, and which ought to be outside politics. The King saw the church as a political institution, one that was to bend for him in certain political matters. That is basically the story. The question now facing us is …. were his actions morally right or wrong.? This is an easy question to answer because Thomas overall was a morally good man. He stayed true to his beliefs. He saw the laws coming from natural laws, created by God. He thought that all laws needed to originate from the natural laws, and if he was to give in to the King he would be going against his morals. When Thomas took this position he had to decide between political expedience and his moral convictions. We all can see what he decided. The King would have preferred Thomas be agreeable with the positive laws because then it would have been easier for him to get his way. Therefore, looking at the question he was legally right, and also he was right in his actions, or morally right. In the principles of law we see that no one is above the law, so what would give the King the right to get his way, only to keep himself happy and not the people.

How Did America Win the Revolutionary War Essay

Name: The American Revolution: The Upset of the Eighteenth Century Part A â€Å"How did it happen that thirteen colonies on the fringe of civilization, as it were with perhaps half a million males of fighting age, without military resources without leaders, without even a national government, a national army, a national treasure, brought the mightiest of European powers to its knees, and wrung from it concessions beyond the greed of conquerors?† This summary explains the attitude of most English and, indeed, many colonists of the 1770s. Still, The American rebels won the war. Listed below are six factors often cited to explain the American victory. Use your textbook (pgs. 66-70) and notes to cite at least one bit of evidence to support each of these indications of hope for the colonists. Be sure to EXPLAIN each answer!!! (12 points) 1. British governmental and personal concerns with things other than the war effort 2. A belief that the colonial cause of freedom and independence could carry them to victory 3. British mistakes in the war 4. Effective American leadership 5. Natural and geographic advantages of the Americans 6. The French goal of revenge against Britain Part B Think about the factors that explain the American victory in the American Revolution. Place the six possible reasons for the colonial victory in order of importance. (1 being the most important and 6 being the least important). For each one, you must explain WHY you think that factor is important. (6 points) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Part C

Are Cell Phones Dangerous? Essay

Ninety-one percent of American adults and sixty percent of teens own this device that has revolutionized communication in the 21st century — the cellphone. While cell phones provide an efficient and easy way to communicate with friends, family, and co-workers, excessive use can take a toll on your health. Twenty-three percent of auto collisions involved cell phones last year, that’s a little more than one million crashes. Also, leading scientists are saying that cell phones can cause vision problems and can lead to headaches and unnecessary stresses. I’m not saying cell phones are bad, I just think the time used on cell phones should be moderated. Psychologists from the University of Utah have published a study showing that drivers who just operate a cell phone are as impaired as drunken drivers. Drunken drivers really aren’t as accident-prone as cell phone drivers, there are just more drivers talking on the phone rather than drinking alcohol. Cell phone use is far from the only distraction for motorists. The researchers cite talking to passengers, eating, drinking, lighting cigarettes, applying makeup and listening to the radio as the â€Å"old standards† of driver distraction. I don’t think we shouldn’t use cell phones, I just think that it’s important for people to know how much damage it’s causing. Driving isn’t the only problem that cell phones are tied to. Many adults have been complaining that their teenager is never looking up, and glued to their cell phone every hour of the day. In general, smartphone ownership is up, as well, with thirty-seven percent of American youth owning a smartphone compared to twenty-three percent in 2011. That doesn’t seem like a big deal honestly, but it has been proven that children with cell phone addiction have caused more parental concern. Parents want to be able to monitor and ensure safety for their kids, and cell phones make it much more difficult with the accessibility to almost anything or anybody. This issue really is up to the parent’s choices, whether or not they want to restrict their children’s access to the phones. Top doctors in the United States such as Dr. Oz have been raving about the increase in patients losing vision. This is called CVS symptom. The eye’s natural focal point is about 20 feet in front of the face. However, most people hold their cell phone 1-2 feet in front of their face. When this occurs, your eye is over-compensating to focus on the screen. The screen on your cell phone is not a normal object for your eyes to focus on, and this is causing loss of vision over time. The first symptoms of this are dry eyes and headaches. We all know that people can’t and shouldn’t just stop using cell phones all together, that’s just insane. What leading doctors recommend is to use your phone no longer than 10 minutes without taking a break for at least 30 seconds. Also, when in doubt, blink it out. If your head starts hurting, or eyes become dry, blink rapidly to try to create more lubrication in your eye, or if you have eyedrops that would be helpful too. As I mentioned before, I’m not against cell phones, I use my cell phone all the time for various tasks. I just think it’s important to know the side-effects and problems that relate to owning a cell phone. Every issue stated above can be resolved, it just takes moderation and responsibility when using these devices.

Master Learning through Observation with Economics Assignment Help

Master Learning through Observation with Economics Assignment Help Master Learning through Observation with Economics Assignment Help Receiving economics assignment help when you buy a sample paper is not the same thing as turning in a paper or assignment you did not complete yourself. When you are tasked with writing an economics paper you may feel overwhelmed or that you do not know how to proceed. But ordering a paper online to use for studying and to learn how to write your own paper will help you write a great piece. How? Well, you just need to: Observe the Organization Ordering a sample with the same specifications and subject as your assignment will help you with organization. As you study the structure of the model paper you will get an idea of how to organize your future paper. It will prevent you from â€Å"reinventing the wheel† so to speak. Effective and concise organization exists, so instead of guessing what that might be, get assurance by looking at a good example and modeling the structure. You will save time and eliminate any doubt that you may have written the paper incorrectly. Learn the Genre, Purpose of the Assignment and Mode of Execution Having an example will give you a demonstration of the themes in the genre of your assignment. Reading and studying a sample assignment will reveal the purpose of writing this or that paper. As you cover the sample paper, you will begin to see the logic behind the assignment and get ideas to help you complete your own piece, without the feeling of dread that you have done it incorrectly. Get Command of the Subject Matter When you order an economics assignment online you are able to study the material contained in the assignment. The simple act of studying the material that has already been written will increase your knowledge of the subject matter and give you ideas and leads for your own research. When covering your sample paper it is a good idea to read it through one time first, with a clear mind, not taking any notes. Then read it again with a notebook or pen handy to make notes and highlight sections you get a lot out of. Each time you read it you will see something new and view the subject in a different light, increasing your knowledge of the subject matter. Encounter Ideas and Follow Their Course When studying a paper you ordered online you will encounter ideas and be able to follow the logic used to demonstrate the ideas in writing. This will help you with formulating your own ideas because you can use the paper as a model and form concepts based on the sample. There are many ways you can benefit from getting  Economics assignment writing help online, so go ahead and order one. Help is just a click away.

Normans - Medieval Viking Rulers in France and England

Normans - Medieval Viking Rulers in France and England The Normans (from the Latin Normanni and Old Norse for north men) were ethnic Scandinavian Vikings who settled in northwest France in the early 9th century AD. They controlled the region known as Normandy until the mid 13th century. In 1066, the most famous of the Normans, William the Conqueror, invaded England and conquered the resident Anglo-Saxons; after William, several kings of England including Henry I and II and Richard the Lionheart were Normans and ruled both regions. Dukes of Normandy Rollo the Walker 860-932, ruled Normandy 911-928, married Gisla (daughter of Charles the Simple)William Longsword  ruled 928-942Richard I (the Fearless), born 933, ruled 942-996 married Hugh the Greats daughter Emma, then GunnorRichard II (The Good) ruled 996-1026 married JudithRichard III ruled 1026-1027Robert I (The Magnificent, or The Devil) ruled 1027-1035 (Richard IIIs brother) William the Conquerer, 1027-1087, ruled 1035-1087, also King of England after 1066, married Matilda of Flanders Robert II (Curthose), ruled Normandy 1087-1106 Henry I (Beauclerc) b. 1068, King of England 1100-1135 Henry II b. 1133, ruled England 1154-1189 Richard the Lionheart also King of England 1189-1216John Lackland Vikings in France By the 830s, the Vikings arrived from Denmark and began raiding in what is today France, finding the standing Carolingian government in the midst of an ongoing civil war. The Vikings were only one of several groups who found the weakness of the Carolingian empire an attractive target. The Vikings used the same tactics in France as they did in England: plundering the monasteries, markets and towns; imposing tribute or Danegeld on the people they conquered; and killing the bishops, disrupting ecclesiastical life and causing a sharp decline in literacy. The Vikings became permanent settlers with the express collusion of Frances rulers, although many of the grants were simply a recognition of de facto Viking control of the region. Temporary settlements were first established along the Mediterranean coast from a series of royal grants from Frisia to the Danish Vikings: the first was in 826, when Louis the Pious granted Harald Klak the county of Rustringen to use as a retreat. Subsequent rulers did the same, usually with the aim of putting one Viking in place to defend the Frisian coast against others. A Viking army first wintered on the Seine river in 851, and there joined forces with the kings enemies, the Bretons, and Pippin II. Founding Normandy: Rollo the Walker The duchy of Normandy was founded by Rollo (Hrolfr) the Walker, a Viking leader in the early 10th century. In 911, the Carolingian king Charles the Bald ceded land including the lower Seine valley to Rollo, in the Treaty of St Clair sur Epte. That land was extended to include what is today all of Normandy by AD 933 when the French King Ralph granted the land of the Bretons to Rollos son William Longsword. The Viking court based at Rouen was always a little shaky, but Rollo and his son William Longsword did their best to shore up the duchy by marrying into the Frankish elite. There were crises in the duchy in the 940s and 960s, particularly when William Longsword died in 942 when his son Richard I was only 9 or 10. There were fights among the Normans, particularly between pagan and Christian groups. Rouen continued as a subordinate to the Frankish kings until the Norman War of 960-966, when Richard I fought against Theobald the Trickster. Richard defeated Theobald, and newly arrived Vikings pillaged his lands. That was the moment when Normans and Normandy became a formidable political force in Europe. William the Conquerer The 7th Duke of Normandy was William, the son Robert I, succeeding to the ducal throne in 1035. William married a cousin, Matilda of Flanders, and to appease the church for doing that, he built two abbeys and a castle in Caen. By 1060, he was using that to build a new power base in Lower Normandy, and that is where he began amassing for the Norman Conquest of England. You can find lots more about William the Conquerer and the Battle of Hastings elsewhere. Ethnicity and the Normans Archaeological evidence for the Viking presence in France is notoriously slim. Their villages were basically fortified settlements, consisting of earthwork-protected sites called motte (en-ditched mound) and bailey (courtyard) castles, not that different from other such villages in France and England at that time. The reason for the lack of evidence for explicit Viking presence may be that the earliest Normans tried to fit into the existing Frankish powerbase. But that didnt work well, and it was not until 960 when Rollos grandson Richard I galvanized the notion of Norman ethnicity, in part to appeal to the new allies arriving from Scandinavia. But that ethnicity was largely limited to kinship structures and place names, not material culture, and by the end of the 10th century, the Vikings had largely assimilated into the larger European medieval culture. Historic Sources Most of what we know of the early Dukes of Normandy is from Dudo of St Quentin, a historian whose patrons were Richard I and II. He painted an apocalyptic picture of Normandy in his best-known work De moribus et actis primorum normanniae ducum, written between 994-1015. Dudos text was the basis for future Norman historians including William of Jumià ¨ges (Gesta Normannorum Ducum), William of Poitiers (Gesta Willelmi), Robert of Torigni and Orderic Vitalis. Other surviving texts include the Carmen de Hastingae Proelio and the  Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Sources This article is part of the About.com guide to Vikings, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology Cross KC. 2014. Enemy and Ancestor: Viking Identities and Ethnic Boundaries in England and Normandy, c.950 – c.1015. London: University College London. Harris I. 1994. Stephen of Rouens Draco Normannicus: A Norman Epic. Sydney Studies in Society and Culture 11:112-124. Hewitt CM. 2010. The Geographic Origins of the Norman Conquerors of England. Historical Geography 38(130-144). Jervis B. 2013. Objects and social change: A case study from Saxo-Norman Southampton. In: Alberti B, Jones AM, and Pollard J, editors. Archaeology After Interpretation: Returning Materials to Archaeological Theory. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press. McNair F. 2015. The politics of being Norman in the reign of Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy (r. 942–996). Early Medieval Europe 23(3):308-328. Peltzer J. 2004. Henry II and the Norman Bishops. The English Historical Review 119(484):1202-1229. Petts D. 2015. Churches and lordship in Western Normandy AD 800-1200. In: Shepland M, and Pardo JCS, editors. Churches and Social Power in Early Medieval Europe. Brepols: Turnhout.

Curriculum review circle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Curriculum review circle - Research Paper Example The reviews may think they have all the time and end up taking a lot of time in the review process. Another major problem that is still notable with the LaCrescent-Hokah School District Curriculum Improvement Plan is the fact that the various stages at some point seem to overlap one another. The National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (1999) explained on the need to be able to distinguish the various stages in the review process. However for LaCrescent-Hokah School District, stages five and six seems to be similar. Almost same activities are carried out with the only distinction being the two parts. This makes it not so easy to distinguish which stage the review has reached. This may become difficult to determine the progress of the review. A look at the three programs however shows that there is some similarity in the way they are structured. The initial stages involve the determination of what is there at present. This is the data collection. The information obtained is then analyzed and reviewed to determine what needs to be added onto the curriculum. It’s tested for what is working and what is not with proper revision made on them. Then the proposals are implemented as planned. While this is taking place, issues that may arise are dealt with. What does not work is avoided while any revision necessary are made. Then full implementation is ensured. For the success of any change to be implemented in any organization or sector proper involvement of the stakeholders is absolutely import. The same case applies to the implementation of the Curriculum Review Cycle. The various stakeholders as identified by Office for standards in education (OFSTED), (1995) must all be brought on board the development and implementation process. The teachers whole are the leading implementers in the review process must be all provide with the knowledge,